![]() I make this statement mindful of what Martin Luther King said… I am living testimony to the moral force of non-violence. This framing strategy is illustrated by sequences such as the following, in which all the propositions preceding the ‘but’ act as acknowledgemments which the following statement overrules: In speaking persuasively one must estimate when it might prove judicial to blur that distinction.Ī salient use of pre-emptive arguments involves the recognition and acknowledgment of the opposing position, maybe sympathising and even identifying with it, but then showing why the particular circumstances demand the alternative approach being proposed. It is good practice to listen out for such linguistic markers and focus on the proposition which follows the colon – to what extent is it subjective? In what ways is it disputable? And what other pertinent truths or facts does this particular proposition obscure? Such questions may be thought of as the ‘Pride and Prejudice test’, following one of the strongest assertions to be found in the first lines of a novel: ‘It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.’ In listening to others, one needs to distinguish between purported facts and established ones. Peace requires responsibility, peace entails sacrifice.To say that force may sometimes be necessary… is a recognition of history.For make no mistake: Evil does exist in the world.We must begin by acknowledging the hard trut.In Obama’s speech, we find several such assertions, of which these are some examples: However, it is important to recognise that what follows such expressions is not necessarily a universally acknowledged truth, but may be a subjective take on the world. Hence the emphasis in persuasive-speaking guides on gathering evidence and mastering the facts of one’s argument. Expressions such as the fact is, the truth is, the key point is, what is important is, all signal that one’s discussion is factual. The assertion of facts is one of the most emphatic ways of framing an issue. The next section considers the appeal to emotion, and the hand-in-glove relationship between reason and emotion are considered in the last section. This section focuses on those framing devices which appeal primarily to the power of reason, from assertion to typecasting and semantic categories. This speech can be seen as epitomising the exercise of framing, given the implausible task of using a peace prize as a venue in which to advocate war. This article considers the importance of framing in the exercise of persuasion and draws on Obama’s Nobel speech of December 2010 in order to illustrate the devices under discussion. The way in which we frame an issue largely determines how that issue will be understood and acted upon. African Digital Diplomacy and Governance.
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